• Accessibility and physico chemical features of cysteine resi

  2022-07-30

  

  Accessibility and physico-chemical features of cysteine residues define their redox-reactivity and the 3-dimensional structure of GSNOR allows to identifying such surface-exposed, redox-sensitive cysteine residues. GSNOR crystal structures are available from human (Protein Data Bank code: 1MP0), tom

• Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR expression that

  2022-07-30

  

  Hypoxia has been shown to affect miR-155 expression that can induce autophagy in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma cells [334]. Suppression of miR-155 inhibited hypoxia-induced autophagy. miR-155 targeted mRNAs involved in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway including: Ras homolog enriched in WIN 1

• Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is currently considered to be

  2022-07-29

  

  Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is currently considered to be a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase involved in a wide spectrum of cellular processes such as glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, neuronal function, oncogenesis or embryonic development (for recent reviews see: Rayasam et al.

• The neuronal glycine receptor HSOR allopregnanolone

  2022-07-29

  

  The neuronal glycine receptor/3α-HSOR/allopregnanolone pathway may also be extended to the central nervous effects of gelsemine and koumine in brain. 3α-HSOR is expressed in certain brain regions in rats and humans, such as the limbic system including hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, in addit

• Historically a role for the prefrontal cortex in spatial wor

  2022-07-29

  

  Historically, a role for the prefrontal cortex in spatial working memory has been repeatedly claimed (for review, see Kolb, 1984). Older studies using traditional, non-fibre-sparing lesions (e.g. aspiration lesions) often resulted in spatial alternation deficits. In contrast, more recent studies emp

• Indeed our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue

  2022-07-29

  

  Indeed, our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue samples without any pathology confirmed the expression of MR and GR. Extending earlier findings in rats (Shaqura et al., 2016a, Shaqura et al., 2016b), we demonstrate here that MR mainly colocalize with the nociceptive neuronal marker CGRP sugg

• Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepati

  2022-07-29

  

  Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepatic glucagon pathway has invariably been shown to increase pancreatic α cell mass. This has been observed in glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (Gcgr−/−) mice (Gelling et al., 2003), glucagon knockout mice (Hayashi et al., 2009), prohormone co

• Moreover the ubiquitous expression of the OTR and GHSR

  2022-07-29

  

  Moreover, the ubiquitous amoxicillin price mg of the OTR and GHSR was also observed in hippocampal and hypothalamic primary culture, indicating that this expression pattern is likely due to basal activity of these receptors. GPCR trafficking under control conditions has been linked to biased signal

• br Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was

  2022-07-29

  

  Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 222719 – LIFECYCLE and by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT), through projects PTDC/MAR-BIO/3890/2012 and PEst-C/

• calcitonin receptor br The bile acid farnesoid

  2022-07-29

  

  The “bile acid” farnesoid X receptor (FXR) The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor belonging to the Nuclear Receptor superfamily of transcription factors exploiting various crucial functions in mammalian physiology, including reproduction, development and metabolism

• br Acknowledgement We like to thank

  2022-07-29

  

  Acknowledgement We like to thank the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy for financial support (GZ402.000/00014-WF/V/6/2016 within the Sino-Austria project) as well as Andrea Szabo and Patricia Haiss for support regarding the drawing of figures and tables. Farnesoid X Re

• In the intestine ethanol exposure can change

  2022-07-29

  

  In the intestine, ethanol exposure can change the composition of gut microbiota and promotes the growth of intestinal gram-negative bacteria, which results in the accumulation of endotoxins such as, LPS. Ethanol also impacts the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, increasing intestina

• br Promotion of GLS expression Glutamine metabolism is

  2022-07-29

  

  Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino 5-fluorocytosine starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutamat

• Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined

  2022-07-29

  

  Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined but the subcellular organization of these pathways is poorly understood in liver and kidney. Several factors affect the net flux of gluconeogenesis and allow the Folinic acid to respond to physiological changes [1]. Ovadi and Srere have suggested that a n

• Glucose induced nuclear translocation of several

  2022-07-29

  

  Glucose-induced nuclear translocation of several enzymes, including GK, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), muscle GS, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a well-known phenomenon. Additional functions have been proposed for these enzymes in the nu

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