• COMT expression protein level and activity

  2019-10-14

  

  COMT expression, protein level and activity are down regulated by E2. Using estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 cells, Xie et al. demonstrated an E2 dose dependent (1, 10 and 100 nM) decrease in S-COMT 1.3 kb mRNA that was maximum after 48 h (Xie et al., 1999). A similar decrease was not observed

• Gastrointestinal tone can be effectively modulated by cholin

  2019-10-14

  

  Gastrointestinal tone can be effectively modulated by cholinesterase inhibitors. As parasympathetic fibers release sitagliptin phosphate to contract the circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles, AChE inhibition can facilitate those actions. Postoperative ileus (delayed gastric emptying after sur

• br The estrogen receptors History and discovery In Elwood Je

  2019-10-14

  

  The estrogen receptors: History and discovery In 1958, Elwood Jensen discovered the estrogen receptor, the first receptor ever encountered for any hormone, by showing that reproductive female tissues were able to uptake estrogen from the circulation by binding to proteins. He later demonstrated t

• In the brain E can modulate

  2019-10-14

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues and

  2019-10-14

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

• Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer has

  2019-10-14

  

  Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer has been a big hindrance in healthcare. Integrated research undertakings are being pursued to find the exact causes of the lack of response towards drugs. Surprisingly, host pumps are the key factors in failure of most drugs. The pumps either do not allow

• The human MARCH family comprises eleven members termed MARCH

  2019-10-14

  

  The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments br Introduction

  2019-10-14

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that frequently leads to disruption of the alveolar and systemic bones with age. Novel osteoanabolic strategies to treat osteoporotic bone loss or augment fracture repair efficiently are desired. Since b

• br Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protei

  2019-10-14

  

  Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protein is achieved via a delicate balance between two opposing forces: ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs. It has been postulated that the majority of proteins in a cell are regulated and modified by ubiquitin at some point (Hershko and Ciechanover,

• Given the widespread occurrence of oncogene induced RS and

  2019-10-14

  

  Given the widespread occurrence of oncogene-induced RS and the increasing clinical interest in small molecule inhibitors that further exacerbate RS in human cancers (such as ATR inhibitors), our findings point to a protective role for RAD52 in the maintenance of cancer cell viability. As such, RAD52

• CAA is a carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl chloride forming s

  2019-10-14

  

  CAA is a carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl chloride, forming several different DNA adducts including the cyclic cycloheximide solubility adducts 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC), 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA), N2,3-ethenoguanine (εG), and 1,N2-ethenoguanine (1,N2-εG), with the A and C cyclic adducts the most pred

• Recently Schenck et al identified

  2019-10-14

  

  Recently, Schenck et al. [25] identified an active site asparagine 222 (N222) residue in the Glycine max TyrAp/PDH (GmPDH1) that is responsible for its prephenate substrate specificity. Mutating the single N222 into an acidic residue (i.e. aspartate, D) in the legume TyrAp/PDH shifted from prephenat

• Finally the identification of predictive biomarkers of respo

  2019-10-14

  

  Finally, the identification of predictive biomarkers of response will also allow the more recently discovered CDK inhibitors to be explored in particular genetically-defined contexts, for example by building on recent observations that KRAS mutant tumors are highly sensitive to CDK1 inhibition, and

• The focus of this review is

  2019-10-12

  

  The focus of this review is on the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, that catalyze the esterification of a fatty acyl moiety to a DAG molecule to produce TAG. These enzymes commit DAG to being stored as TAG rather than being diverted for the synthesis of ph

• The question remained as to

  2019-10-12

  

  The question remained as to why hCrm1 was functional and mCrm1 was not in terms of Rev and HIV mRNA nuclear export, and previously we proposed three possibilities (Elinav et al., 2012). One was that human hydralazine hcl had a positively acting factor that somehow stabilized the hCrm1 and Rev-RRE c

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